All Topics

Melting glaciers. Rising sea levels. Wildfires. Food shortages. Mass coral reef deaths and widespread species extinctions. Global pandemics. Every other issue is secondary. In a world of climate change, direct impacts on humanity are evident where we live and work and on the health and well-being of many populations. Climate change is a truly global issue; fighting it demands global cooperation and financing through summits, known as COPs, and landmark treaties like the Paris Agreement.

United States (U.S.) (435)

Russia (326)

Switzerland (323)

China (321)

France (315)

Asia-Pacific (312)

United Kingdom (U.K.) (290)

World Health Organization (WHO) (256)

Geopolitics (246)

The world's multilateral efforts to solve global challenges are based on a post-World War II political and economic order that is struggling to navigate the 21st century's multipolarity and rise of authoritarianism: the U.S.-China rivalry, Russia's war in Ukraine, Israel and Hamas, the West's conflicts with North Korea and Iran, the crisis in Afghanistan, coups in Africa, and unrest in the Americas over deep-rooted injustices, biases and inequalities.

Africa (244)

News and insights on international cooperation and development in Africa.

Middle East (239)

European Union (E.U.) (234)

U.N. Security Council (UNSC) (212)

Germany (206)

U.N. General Assembly (UNGA) (188)

Paris Agreement 2015 (171)

Sustainable Development Goals (160)

Many businesses, governments and organizations are committed to sustainable goals like reducing their environmental footprints and conserving resources. Sustainable finance includes environmental, social and governance considerations in investment decisions. In 2015, the U.N.'s 193 member nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for 2030. Despite some progress, the U.N. says 83% of the agenda is off-track from the pandemic, climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and conflict.

Human Rights (139)

The United Nations says human rights are inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. International human rights law sets out the obligations of governments to promote and protect human rights.

Ukraine (134)

U.N. Human Rights Council (HRC) (131)

Israel (124)

Japan (123)

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) (118)

India (118)

Canada (112)

Justice & Accountability (104)

Justice and accountability help break cycles of violence and atrocities, restore the rule of law and trust in institutions, and build strong societies that can diminish the risk of serious human rights violations.

Palestine (98)

Iran (97)

Science Diplomacy (97)

The 21st century acceleration in scientific and technological advances could enhance global well-being and inclusive development. The pandemic showed that science needs more diplomacy to reach equitable and global solutions. Quantum computing, advanced AI, human augmentation, eco-regeneration, geoengineering and science diplomacy are all fast-moving fronts where international cooperation will be crucial to navigate the geopolitical tensions in pursuit of opportunities.

Turkey (94)

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (93)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, started with 12 countries in 1949 and has since grown into a military alliance among Canada, the United States and 27 European nations. It requires members to commit to helping each other defend against any attack. NATO's initial purpose was to defend Western Europe from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

Nuclear Security & WMD (93)

News and insights on nuclear security policy and weapons of mass destruction (nuclear, chemical and biological weapons), amid threats and risks ranging from Russia's war in Ukraine to North Korea's missile tests.

World Bank Group (93)

Founded in 1944, the Washington-based World Bank Group provides financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Its mission is to fight poverty and to help people help themselves and their environment.

Italy (92)

Netherlands (91)

Humanitarians & Peace (89)

Humanitarian organizations and diplomats working for peace must respond effectively to the needs of people caught in crises, understand and analyze their needs, and mobilize international aid. With enough funding and resources, organizations can provide tools and services to ensure that no one affected by a crisis is left behind. The number of people who need aid has soared in recent years due to factors like climate change, population growth and the spread of armed groups and extremists.

Syria (82)

European Commission (E.C.) (77)

Trump Watch (74)

Donald Trump's hostility to international organizations and multilateralism as U.S. president from 2017 to 2021 undercut longstanding alliances and treaties, alienated leaders, and damaged America's global standing and its own democracy. Despite his conviction on 34 felony charges in a New York hush money case and his exposure from other lawsuits and criminal charges, Trump won his 2024 bid to return to the White House. Experts say he now poses a serious threat to democracy, peace, and security.

U.N. Environment (UNEP) (73)

Brazil (72)

Saudi Arabia (70)

South Korea (69)

In Depth (67)

Stories backed by data, insight and analysis that shed light on major trends among international organizations.

Ethiopia (67)

UNESCO (65)

U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 1994 (65)

UNICEF (64)

Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (62)

Belgium (62)

Norway (61)

Australia (61)

U.N. Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) (61)

Sweden (61)

Work, Education, Culture & Sports (61)

News and insights on the future of work, education, cultural heritage and sports.

World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (60)

Group of 20 (G-20) (60)

The Group of 20 is a forum of the world's biggest economies for developing global policies on the most pressing challenges. It includes 19 countries plus the European Union. Together they represent 80% of global economic output. The members are: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Britain, Canada, China, the E.U., France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the United States.

World Trade Organization (WTO) (60)

International Monetary Fund (IMF) (59)

The IMF is a cooperative institution of member countries that lends money to members having difficulties meeting financial obligations to other members. The loans are handed out on condition that economic reforms are undertaken to eliminate these difficulties for their own good and that of the entire membership.

World Food Program (WFP) (58)

Austria (57)

Mexico (56)

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) (56)

Yemen (55)

United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) (54)

Pakistan (52)

Egypt (51)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (49)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides regular assessments of the scientific basis of climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. Created in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization and United Nations Environment Program, IPCC provides governments and U.N.-led summits with scientific information they can use to form climate policies.

North Korea (48)

Charter of the United Nations 1945 (48)

Human Rights Watch (HRW) (48)

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) 2015 (48)

Migrants & Refugees (47)

Migrants, refugees, displaced people and asylum seekers all face challenges away from their home region or country. Refugees flee across a border and need international protection. Migrants choose to find a better future somewhere else. Displaced people are forced or obliged to leave their homes, fleeing to somewhere else within or outside their country. Asylum seekers want international protection; not all are recognized as a refugee, but every refugee is initially an asylum seeker.

South Africa (47)

Poland (46)

Kenya (45)

Myanmar (44)

International Criminal Court (ICC) (44)

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (44)

Group of Seven (G-7) (44)

U.N. Development Program (UNDP) (43)

World Economic Forum (WEF) (42)

Congo (41)

Nigeria (41)

Afghanistan (40)

Sudan (39)

Spain (39)

African Union (A.U.) (39)

Iraq (39)

Gavi the Vaccine Alliance (39)

Libya (38)

Amnesty International (AI) (37)

International Court of Justice (ICJ) (36)

Denmark (35)

South Sudan (35)

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (34)

New Zealand (33)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (32)

UNRWA (32)

Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) (31)

Rwanda (31)

Indonesia (29)

Chile (29)

Hungary (28)

Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty 1987 (28)

Venezuela (28)

Bangladesh (27)

International Labor Organization (ILO) (27)

Argentina (26)

Somalia (26)

Jordan (26)

Finland (26)

New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) 2011 (26)

U.N. Trade and Development (26)

Formerly known as UNCTAD, the U.N. agency says it aims to support developing countries in accessing the benefits of a globalized economy more fairly and effectively and in dealing with the potential drawbacks of greater economic integration. It provides analysis, facilitates consensus-building, and offers technical assistance to help nations use trade, investment, finance, and technology as vehicles for inclusive and sustainable development.

World Health Assembly (WHA) (25)

Qatar (25)

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) (25)

International Energy Agency (IEA) (25)

Colombia (24)

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (24)

European Parliament (23)

Singapore (23)

Central African Republic (22)

Lebanon (21)

Uganda (21)

Philippines (21)

Ireland (21)

Mozambique (20)

Global Compact for Safe Orderly and Regular Migration 2018 (20)

Eritrea (20)

U.N. Migration (IOM) (19)

Malaysia (19)

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court 2002 (19)

Polar Regions (19)

Greenpeace International (19)

U.N. Climate Change (19)

European Council (19)

Fridays For Future (FFF) (19)

Chad (18)

Morocco (18)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (18)

ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies. The organization includes all of the U.N.'s 193 member nations and more than 1,000 companies, universities and international and regional organizations. Headquartered in Geneva and with regional offices on every continent, ITU is the oldest in the U.N. system, connecting the world since the telegraph era in 1865.

Vietnam (18)

European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) (18)

Mali (17)

Oxfam International (17)

Greece (17)

Global Fund to Fight AIDS Tuberculosis and Malaria (17)

Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC) (17)

Burundi (16)

Thailand (16)

Romania (16)

Sri Lanka (16)

Iceland (16)

Portugal (16)

Algeria (16)

Geneva Conventions 1949 (16)

U.N. Environment Assembly (16)

Cuba (15)

Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 (15)

The U.N. General Assembly approved the declaration on December 10, 1948 to prevent a recurrence of World War II atrocities. The declaration was a milestone achievement in setting the first multicultural standards for universally protecting fundamental human rights.

Kuwait (15)

Burkina Faso (14)

Reporters Without Borders (14)

Slovakia (14)

League of Nations (14)

Niger (13)

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976 (13)

Czechia (13)

The nation formerly known as Czechoslovakia was established in 1918 at the end of World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. During the German occupation of World War II, Bohemia, Moravia and the Slovak Republic were set up. At the end of the war, Czechoslovakia was re-established. It became a Soviet satellite state in 1948, but held free elections after the 1989 anti-communist revolution. In 1993, two independent successors, the Czech and Slovak republics, were created.

International Health Regulations 2007 (13)

U.N. Convention on Biological Diversity 1993 (13)

Slovenia (13)

Ghana (13)

Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (13)

U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982 (13)

Global Compact on Refugees 2018 (13)

Black Sea Grain Initiative 2022 (13)

Estonia (12)

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) (12)

Bulgaria (12)

Serbia (12)

Council of Europe (COE) (12)

WWF International (12)

Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 2021 (12)

U.N. Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (12)

Lithuania (12)

Save the Children (12)

Dominican Republic (12)

Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) (12)

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (12)

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) (12)

Cameroon (11)

Belarus (11)

International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) (11)

Tunisia (11)

Group of 77 (G-77) (11)

Ivory Coast (11)

Arete Next (11)

Latvia (11)

Ecuador (11)

Sierra Leone (11)

U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (11)

Universal Postal Union (UPU) (11)

Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) (11)

Bank for International Settlements (BIS) (11)

As the world's oldest international financial institution, Basel, Switzerland-based BIS was founded in 1930 to increase cooperation among central banks and other government agencies working to create financial and monetary stability. It had a key role in reparation payments imposed on Germany following the World War I. It does not supervise or regulate banks, and its banking services are exclusively for central banks and international financial institutions.

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (11)

International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) (11)

North Atlantic Treaty 1949 (10)

Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) (10)

Energy & Environment (10)

International energy and environment policy largely focuses on a rapid transition towards renewable energy sources, with a major emphasis on solar and wind power, as governments invest in clean energy technologies and aim to significantly reduce carbon emissions, with the goal of limiting global warming. Key developments include increased trade policies around clean energy technologies, a decline in coal usage, and a growing push for a complete phaseout of fossil fuels.

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) 1970 (10)

Freedom House (10)

Croatia (10)

Bosnia and Herzegovina (10)

European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (10)

Senegal (10)

U.N. Women (10)

Peru (10)

Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) 2004 (10)

Honduras (9)

Haiti (9)

Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) (9)

Nicaragua (9)

Liechtenstein (9)

African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (9)

Founded in 1964 to reduce poverty and improve living conditions for Africans, Ivory Coast-based AfDB is one of five multilateral development banks (MDBs) in the world. Its main entities are the African Development Bank, African Development Fund and Nigeria Trust Fund.

Chemical Weapons Convention 1997 (9)

Azerbaijan (9)

Luxembourg (9)

Montenegro (9)

Guyana (9)

Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipator (GESDA) Foundation (9)

Arab League (9)

Gambia (9)

Bahrain (9)

Liberia (9)

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) (8)

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (8)

International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) (8)

Laos (8)

Uruguay (8)

Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) (8)

As the world’s first permanent international political organization, Geneva-based IPU was founded in 1889 by France's Frédéric Passy and Britain's William Randal Cremer among a small group of pacifist-minded parliamentarians. It now encompasses 179 parliaments that aim to promote democracy, peace, human rights, youth, gender equality and sustainable development.

Access Now (8)

U.S.-based nonprofit Access Now, founded in 2009, says it defends and extends the digital rights of people and communities at risk around the world through direct technical support, strategic advocacy, grassroots grantmaking. It has offices in Belgium, Costa Rica, Tunisia, and the United States, with operations in more than 20 countries across six continents. Its main event is the annual RightsCon platform on human rights in the digital age.

European Central Bank (ECB) (8)

Convention on the Rights of the Child 1990 (8)

International Maritime Organization (IMO) (8)

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants 2004 (8)

Costa Rica (8)

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) (8)

Zimbabwe (8)

Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) (8)

U.N. Support Mission in Libya (UNSMIL) (8)

Open Skies Treaty 2002 (8)

Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP-11) 2018 (8)

Malawi (7)

Malta (7)

European Convention on Human Rights 1953 (7)

Organization of American States (OAS) (7)

Conference on Disarmament (7)

U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) 1996 (7)

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) (7)

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (7)

Georgia (7)

Albania (7)

U.N. Commission on Human Rights (7)

Taiwan (7)

Roman Catholic Church (7)

CARE (7)

Guatemala (7)

Cambodia (7)

Fiji (7)

International Seabed Authority (ISA) (7)

International Olympic Committee (IOC) (7)

UNAIDS (7)

Treaty of Versailles 1920 (7)

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 1989 (6)

Palau (6)

Green Climate Fund (GCF) (6)

Mauritania (6)

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1951 (6)

Vatican City (6)

Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) (6)

U.N. Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) (6)

International Rescue Committee (IRC) (6)

U.N. Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide 1951 (6)

Munich Security Conference (6)

Maldives (6)

U.N. Population Fund (UNFPA) (6)

Wellcome Trust (6)

Transparency International (6)

Djibouti (6)

International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) (6)

Basel Convention 1992 (6)

Rotterdam Convention 2004 (6)

Global Environment Facility (GEF) (6)

U.N. Human Rights Committee (6)

Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (6)

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) (6)

European Investment Bank (EIB) (6)

International Finance Corporation (IFC) (6)

International Space Station (ISS) (6)

Outer Space Treaty 1967 (6)

Treaty of Bern 1874 (6)

North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA) 1994 (6)

Nauru (5)

Comoros (5)

African Union Commission (5)

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) Preparatory Commission (5)

Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic (5)

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty 1996 (5)

U.N. Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) (5)

Moldova (5)

Greenland (5)

Togo (5)

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 1975 (5)

Kazakhstan (5)

Global Opinions (5)

From time to time we publish opinion articles that shed light on international cooperation and development. Arete News welcomes opinion pieces from members of the community. We will review submissions but will not guarantee their publication. Op-eds may not be self-promotional, ads, or simple explications of facts. The author should clearly express a viewpoint rooted in fact on a topic of public importance about international organizations.

U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) (5)

Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) (5)

Refugees International (5)

U.N. Office of Counterterrorism (UNOCT) (5)

New York Declaration for Refugees and Migrants 2016 (5)

Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) (5)

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) (5)

International Crisis Group (5)

Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement 2001 (5)

Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) (5)

Securities (5)

U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (5)

Libra Association (5)

International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations (IFPMA) (5)

Union of Concerned Scientists (5)

International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT) (5)

Kosovo (5)

Trump Organization (5)

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) (5)

Tonga (4)

Mongolia (4)

Saint Lucia (4)

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (4)

International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (4)

Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21) (4)

Panama (4)

Tanzania (4)

Mauritius (4)

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (4)

Center for Global Development (CGD) (4)

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (4)

Five major oil exporters founded the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC, at Baghad in 1960, to influence the global oil markets by coordinating policies among member nations. Thirteen countries in Africa, Latin America and the Middle East now belong to the Vienna-based organization, accounting for four-fifths of the world's 'proven' oil reserves.

Samoa (4)

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) (4)

Norwegian People's Aid (4)

El Salvador (4)

World Resources Institute (WRI) (4)

Benin (4)

Once known as Dahomey, Benin is among Africa's most stable democracies and largest cotton producers but remains one of the world's poorest countries. Part of its shore was once known as the Slave Coast, a major hub for captives to be shipped across the ocean as part of the transatlantic slave trade. There have been occasional clashes to the north along Benin's border with Burkina Faso.

U.N. Habitat (4)

United Nations University (UNU) (4)

U.N. Office for Project Services (UNOPS) (4)

Korean War Armistice Agreement 1953 (4)

Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) (4)

World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (4)

International Convention Against Doping in Sport 2007 (4)

U.N. Office at Geneva (UNOG) (4)

Jamaica (4)

U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (4)

U.N. Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA) (4)

Financial Stability Board (FSB) (4)

International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 1969 (4)

International Service for Human Rights (ISHR) (4)

Roll Back Malaria Partnership (4)

European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) (4)

U.N. Watch (4)

Warsaw Pact 1955-1991 (4)

European Economic Community (4)

Treaty of Amity 1957 (4)

Global Justice Now (4)

World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) (4)

European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation (Europol) (4)

Launch Registration Convention 1976 (4)

Liability Convention 1972 (4)

Partial Test Ban Treaty 1963 (4)

Rescue Agreement 1968 (4)

Intelsat Agreement 1971 (4)

Moon Agreement 1984 (4)

Prevention of an Arms Race in Outer Space (PAROS) Treaty (4)

Brunei (4)

NCD Alliance (4)

Armistice of 1918 (4)

U.N. Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) (4)

A.U. Convention on Corruption 2006 (3)

Zambia (3)

Barbados (3)

Non-Aligned Movement (3)

Seychelles (3)

Walk Free Foundation (3)

Andorra (3)

TRIPS Agreement 1995 (3)

African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) (3)

Namibia (3)

Bolivia (3)

Kyoto Protocol to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change 2005 (3)

Campaign to Stop Killer Robots (3)

U.N. Office of Information and Communications Technology (OICT) (3)

Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) (3)

Human Rights Data Analysis Group (3)

Partnership on AI (3)

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations 1967 (3)

U.N. Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) (3)

International Institute for Sustainable Development (3)

Botswana (3)

Antigua and Barbuda (3)

Paraguay (3)

Cyprus (3)

San Marino (3)

World Weather Attribution (WWA) (3)

Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI) (3)

Syrian Network for Human Rights (3)

Asian Development Bank (ADB) (3)

Commonwealth of Nations (3)

U.N. Ethics Office (3)

U.N. Dispute Tribunal (3)

General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) 1948 (3)

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (3)

Adaptation Fund (3)

Washington-based Adaptation Fund finances projects and programs that help vulnerable communities in developing countries adapt to climate change. Initiatives are based on country needs, views and priorities. ➡️ https://www.adaptation-fund.org/

Refugee Convention 1951 (3)

Atlantic Charter 1941 (3)

UEFA (3)

Article 19 (3)

International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) (3)

Guinea (3)

Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) (3)

Christian Aid (3)

Jubilee Debt Campaign (3)

Paris Peace Forum (3)

The Nobel Foundation (3)

Global Carbon Project (3)

The Elders (3)

Central Commission for the Navigation of the Rhine (3)

Treaty of 15 October 1804 (3)

A.U. Commission (AUC) (3)

United Nations Foundation (3)

Internal Displacement Monitoring Center (IDMC) (3)

Monaco (3)

Union of International Associations (UIA) (3)

Pew Charitable Trusts (3)

Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol 2019 (2)

Cook Islands (2)

European Economic Area (EEA) 1994 (2)

The Agreement on the European Economic Area entered into force on January 1, 1994, bringing together 28 European Union members and three non-member nations — Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway — into a single market called the "Internal Market."

Palestine Red Crescent Society (PRCS) (2)

U.N. Office of the Special Envoy to the Secretary-General on Yemen (2)

International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA) (2)

Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) (2)

Frontex (2)

North Macedonia (2)

Bucharest Nine (B9) (2)

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) (2)

Arete Pro | Policy Workspace Tower (PWT) (2)

Our new prototype Arete Pro | Policy Workspace Tower can help you power your successful policy moves anywhere. We're building a first-of-its-kind AI-powered tool tailored to the policy needs of everyone who has a stake or interest in the complex world of international organizations. Whether you’re an academic, analyst, consultant, diplomat, executive, government official, researcher, staff member, strategist, or student, Arete Pro | PWT is a one-stop policy tool to build your impact.

World Central KItchen (WCK) (2)

Grenada (2)

XPRIZE Foundation (2)

Uzbekistan (2)

U.N. Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM) (2)

Geneva Agreement 1966 (2)

CARICOM (2)

Washington Treaty 1897 (2)

Marshall Islands (2)

International Council of Chemical Associations (2)

Open Quantum Institute (OQI) (2)

U.N. Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) 1983 (2)

Geneva Center for Security Policy (GCSP) (2)

International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC) (2)

European Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI) (2)

U.N. Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) (2)

International Science Council (ISC) (2)

African Diaspora Youth Forum in Europe (2)

World Council of Churches (2)

U.N. Office at Nairobi (UNON) (2)

Toronto Declaration (2)

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2)

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO) (2)

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) 1981 (2)

Marrakesh Treaty 2013 (2)

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1964 (2)

U.N. Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) (2)

U.N. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) (2)

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2008 (2)

WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 2005 (2)

Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation 1947 (2)

Convention on Facilitation of International Maritime Traffic 1967 (2)

Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 (2)

Intergovernmental Organization for Marketing Information and Technical Advisory Services for Fishery Products in the Asian and Pacific Region (2)

International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) 1976 (2)

World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) (2)

International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (2)

Turkmenistan (2)

World Heritage Convention 1975 (2)

Minamata Convention on Mercury 2013 (2)

Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (2)

Oman (2)

Suriname (2)

Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) (2)

Burma Human Rights Network (BHRN) (2)

Global Oceans Treaty (2)

ILO Convention on Violence and Harassment 2019 (2)

U.N. Office at Vienna (UNOV) (2)

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (2)

International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) (2)

International Air Transport Association (IATA) (2)

World Uyghur Congress (2)

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